Czech Military Review, 2007 (vol. 88), issue 4
Conflicting Birth of New MultipolarirtyNonreviewed - Other
PhDr. Miloš Balabán, Ph.D.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 3-18 
The process of modelling the new multipolar world will last for several decades, its key features will be evident till 2020. The rise of multipolar world is as important as the end of "cold war", some twenty years ago. The author sees the United States as the only global superpower, but confronted with Asia, with leading power of China, and raising power of India. Russia and the EU are going to be only regional powers. He enumerates main geopolitical priorities of key world's actors: raw materials, namely oil, gas, water; intellectual potential, combat of ideologies, with selfconfident militant Islam. All variants are still opened. Military power will...
NATO's Future Security Environment: Study 2025Nonreviewed - Other
Mgr. Jan Vlkovský
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 19-25
This article presents main ideas of the document, released by the Allied Command Transformation in March 2007. Terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction will be the principal threats for NATO. Further threats will come from unstable or failed states, regional crises and conflicts, growing availability of advanced conventional weapons, misuse of emerging technologies and disruption of flow of vital resources. India, China and Russia will be key players in future security environment. North Korea, Iran and Syria will present biggest threat to NATO. Following the release of the FSE Study, International Military Staff and defence planners...
The Idea of Safety Framework and its Application in National Security ScienceNonreviewed - Other
Mjr. Ing. Bohuslav Pernica, Ph.D.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 26-29
Usually, there are many scholarly concepts able to be fixed to newly constituted branches of knowledge. Among others, this is the alternative and interdisciplinary concept of safety framework. Presented article deals with a competence of this concept to highlight many crucial aspects of this framework, originally transformed from a defence or armed safety. General ideas or notions correspond to some class of entities and that consists of the characteristic or essential features of security system. The conjunction of all characteristic security features and theoretical construct within a security are based upon German terms, e.g. Wehrstruktur (defence...
Development and Preparation of Battle Groups EUMilitary art
Pplk. Ing. Jaroslav Kulíšek
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 30-50
The CPX Battle Group 2007 was the Strategic and Operational Studies Institute key exercise in the field of CZe/sVK Battle Group EU. It was aimed at increasing operational capability of the Higher Officers Courses attendants in conducting integrated expeditionary and network centric operations in asymmetric environment, in a rapid, mobile, flexible and versatile manner. The exercise was held in May and June, 2007, at the University of Defence Campus, Brno. The aim of this article is to present the latest developments of the rapidly deployable EU Battle Groups and provide better understanding to the complexities of setting up a multinational high-readiness...
Some Aspects of the Development of Intelligence Branches inside Strategic Military Intelligence ServiceMilitary art
Plk. gšt. Ing. Libor Kutěj, Ph.D.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 51-58
Military Intelligence plays important part in national defence, indicating particular kinds of potential threats to the Republic or Allied partners. Its effectiveness mainly consists in evaluating the security situation continuously and in exchanging of intelligence information between our services and the Allies, with the aim to detect any potential threats and to eliminate a possibility of surprise in time. According to Act No. 153/1994, concerning the intelligence services, its activities are strictly limited by law. It gains information from open sources (OSINT), by means of signal intelligence (SIGINT), human intelligence (HUMINT), and by using...
The Transition from the State of Peace to WarMilitary art
Pplk. Ing. Ivan Němec, Ph.D., mjr. Ing. Milan Žilínek, Ing. Jaroslav Lužný
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 59-66
Military Mobilization is activation of military forces for imminent threats, and redirection of economic and social activities to support a military effort. As the ACR does not use conscription (forced military service-the draft); instead, everyone in the Czech Army enrols voluntarily. The regular service is accompanied by the Reserves (voluntary and regular). Those interested in joining the ACR or Voluntary Reserve Force must complete an application, take an aptitude test, and undergo a physical fitness examination. Recruitment personnel use the results from the application process to determine whether an applicant qualifies to serve. Army reservists...
Active Reserve of the Armed Forces of the Czech RepublicMilitary art
Mjr. Ing. Bohuslav Vlček
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 67-73
The Active Reserve is part of the Reserves of the ACR and is formed according to provisions of the Czech Code of Law No. 585/2004, 220/1999 and regulations enumerated in this article. In 2005 the term "active reserve" was legally established. The numbers of soldiers was stabilized, in 2007, between 1087 to 1092 soldiers. Manning is the most successful in armour company (main battle tanks), where the numbers are met nearly by 100 per cent. The same is true about Recce Comp or MP units. There are differences among individual regions (Regional Military Commands) and military occupations: some units have zero increase in numbers. The author recommends...
Why to Start the Process of Revision of Military Strategy of the Czech RepublicOpinions, controversy
Ing. Vladimír Krulík
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 74-89
We are aware of new and still increasing risks in the world, particularly in connection with the increase in terrorist activities. Broadly speaking, in building our professional army we enforce quality and efficiency, even with restricted means and sources, respecting our potential and on the basis of evaluation of interests of the Czech Republic, engagement in peace, stabilisation and other missions organised by NATO, the EU, or the UN. The author recapitulates all legislative acts, documents and papers, dealing with Czech military strategy, namely the Czech Republic's Military Strategy approved by the governmental resolution No. 578, June 9, 2004,...
Theoretical Background of Security Science and Medium Range Theory (Discussion Supplement)Opinions, controversy
PhDr. Antonín Rašek
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 90-100
Recently, on pages of this Military Review, several authors wrote about new scholarly discipline, the securitology (Josef Janošec, MR 3/2007). The author would like to add several ideas to this new discipline, inspired among others, D. Meadows, Limits to Growth, P. Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, R. Robertson, Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, Albrow, M. The Global Age, and many others. Today's world actors, the U.S., People's China, Russia, India, Iran, are in their roles accompanied by institutions, such as the Unites Nations, European Union, NATO, International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, multinational monopolies,...
North Atlantic Alliance is Preparing for the FutureInformational pages
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 101-104
The magazine Europäische Sicherheit No. 5/2007 published the article "1st die NATO fur die Zukunft gerustet?" by NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer. This article summarizes his main ideas. The logic of cooperation in security is timeless. That is why NATO did not end when the Cold War ended. The security environment has changed. The Alliance's missions have little in common with the territorial defence and deterrence functions that characterized the Cold War, namely the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. The need to cooperate in meeting common security challenges has not changed. The new NATO programme is very ambitious: the Alliance...
The Militarization of Cosmic Space and Antiballistic DefenceInformational pages
JUDr. Miroslav Tůma
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 105-117
Today we use the Space for military and commercial satellites of passive, non-offensive character. The prospective so-called militarization of Space has qualitatively higher level. It means that offensive means will be located in the Space, probably as part of ballistic missile defence. Antisatellite systems began to be tested in 1959 (US), in 1968 (USSR), or in 2005 (China) respectively. The US administration places emphasis on limited character of created antimissiles defence. In fact, the presentday laws do not ban situating cosmic weapons in the Space. But whereas the United States regards existing agreements concerning the Space as sufficient,...
NATO Summit and Energy Security (Riga, September 29-29, 2005)Informational pages
Prof. PhDr. Vladimír Šefčík, CSc.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 118-127
The heads of state and government of the member countries of the North Atlantic Alliance met this date in Riga to face the security challenges ofthe 21st century. The summit provided a platform for interaction between the security and defence community in order to discuss the global threats, challenges to the integrity of the world's energy system. It provided a focus on the pragmatic responses to the challenges to global energy supply and system integrity, enhancing energy security across the Euro-Atlantic area. Part of the discussion focused on defining NATO's role in the field of energy security, as part of state economy security. The Czech legislation...
The Foreign Legion and Teaching French for ForeignersInformational pages
PhDr. Jana Tomšů, plk. Ing. Pavel Vobůrka
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 128-133
"Légion étrangere" is a unique elite unit within the French Army established in 1831. It was created as a unit for foreign volunteers. It is known as an elite military unit whose training focuses not only on traditional military skills, but also its strong esprit de corps, including learning French, as its men come from different countries with different cultures. Consequently, training is often described as not only physically hard, but also extremely psychologically stressful. Particular attention is given to the integration of the young recruits. Teaching of the French language occupies a central part of the training, and it is helped by the original...
The Systems of POL Support of Combat Units in French Army and in the ACRInformational pages
Ing. Vladislav Vincenec, plk. gšt. Ing. Jaroslav Linhart
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 134-142
ACR by Ing. Vladislav Vincenec, Col. GSO Ing. Jaroslav Linhart. All military units can hardly do without the POL (which stands for Petroleum, Oil and Lubricants), rations, maintenance support and services, controlled in field conditions by Logistics. The authors depict logistic system in the French Army and compare it with that in the ACR. The Fuel Service of the French Army (SEA-Service des essences des armées) represents independent branch of the French Army. They explain its role, purpose and functions. Several charts and tablets comparing data of French tank trucks accompany the description of the SEA. The authors divide POL services in the ACR...
The Strategy of DisinformationInformational pages
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 143-145
The article is based mostly upon an essay Composants et caractéristiques de la stratégie de désinformation by Gula Csurgai. published in Revue Militaire Suisse, March, April, 2007. Disinformation is the deliberate dissemination of false information. It may include the distribution of forged documents, manuscripts, and photographs, or propagation of malicious rumours and fabricated intelligence. In the context of espionage or military intelligence, it is the deliberate spreading of false information to mislead an enemy as to one's position or course of action. It also includes the distortion of true information in such a way as to render it useless....
The Space WarfareInformational pages
Ing. Josef Nastoupil
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 146-150
Space warfare is combat that takes place in outer space. Technically as a distinct classification, it refers to battles where the targets themselves are in space. Space warfare therefore includes ground-to-space warfare, such as attacking satellites from the Earth, as well as space-tospace warfare, such as satellites attacking satellites. It does not include space-to-ground warfare, where orbital objects attack ground, sea or air targets directly, or the use of satellites for espionage, surveillance, or military communications. Both the Soviets and the United States developed antisatellite weaponry designed to shoot down satellites. While early efforts...
Effects of Climate Change Threatens SecurityInformational pages
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 151
Climate change, national security and energy dependence are a related set of global challenges. They together will add to tensions even in stable regions of the world. Anticipated climate change poses a serious threat to security. It will act as a threat multiplier for instability in some of the most volatile regions of the world, Africa Asia, some of the Middle East regions. The potential consequences of climate change are so significant that the prudent course of action is to begin now to assess how these changes may potentially affect our national security, and what courses of action, if any, our nation should take. Armed forces must should limit...
Specialized Units of Military Police (Oddziaty specjalneŽandarmerii Wojskowej)Informational pages
Genmjr. Boguslaw Pacek
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 152-156
The Polish Military Police, among others, includes a specialized force. It is made up of three specialized units which are trained and prepared to operate in small diversified teams even in high risk environment. Each member is a professional in the field of special operations. They undergo arduous training in first aid, rescue operations, parachuting and diving. All members attend English courses, so that they could be easily integrated into a higher multinational force. Functions and tasks of the those specialized units also consist in ensuring observance of military discipline; protection of life, health and property; VIP protection; protection...
Typology of Teacher's Personality (Introduction to Pedeutology)Military pedagogy
Plk. Mgr. Ladislav Chaloupský, Ph.D.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 157-162
A new branch of educational science called pedeutology is focused on a teacher's personality. Studying a pedagogue's personality includes various typologies which are categorized by the names of their originators (typology according to Doring, Luka, Worwickel, Caselmann, Anderson and Zaborowski). A teacher's personality extends a strong influence, either positive or negative, on the life of every individual. For this reason, anybody who aspires to become a teacher should contemplate their own personality features to find out if at least some of them are fit for this profession. Apt pedagogues must be patient in their job, rigorous in their explanations...
Behavioural MotivationMilitary pedagogy
Kpt. Mgr. Jan Šmíd
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 163-167
Motivation and motivational factors are becoming ever more important in the process of learning. It not a new problem. When discussing this matter, we refer to two types of motivation-intrinsic (internal, determined by one's set of values and needs) and extrinsic (external, influenced by the surrounding circumstances). Each has its own triggering mechanisms, but both are equally important and constantly interacting. Instructors play an obviously important role in the process in which the students are acquiring the knowledge/skills. However, by recognizing and acknowledging the set of values of a student, an instructor places himself in the position...
Motivation as an Important Factor in Learning Foreign Languages (Gardner's socio-educational model)Military pedagogy
Kpt. Ing. Petra Vráblíková, Ph.D.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 168-174
What is motivation? In fact, motivation is the force behind doing something, including the desire, the need, the energy, and the actual doing of it. It is a combination of various factors. Motivations vary so much. In formal descriptions of the socio-educational model of language acquisition (Gardner), we define the whole class of variables as the social milieu. Individual differences regarded as the most eminent are as follows: intelligence, aptitude to learn foreign language, last but not least, and the pressure from social surrounding. Nowadays, the concept of integrative motivation is often referred to (Dorneyi) in discussions about the learning...
The Rules of Fire Application of Arty Regt and BtyMilitary professional
Prof. Ing. Ladislav Potužák, CSc.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 175-181
The purpose of this article is to explain methods of the application of artillery fire, according to the width and shape of targets by artillery regiment (without rocket battery) and by artillery battery, if components/data for effective fire are set by substitute means, without computer with respective SW. The assignment of optimal method of artillery fire and its professional implementation has a great influence on FFE (fire for effect). For the sake of economy, live firing practice is executed only to a limited extend. Most of activities are carried out only in the field of command skills, keeping documents, commanders' performance and training...
The Current Automated Fire Control System of Artillery Regt ASPRO and the Concept of its Further DevelopmentMilitary professional
Npor. Ing. MichalSobarňa, Ph.D.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 182-186
Michal Sorbaňa, Ph.D. The article deals with contemporary conditions of automated Fire Control System called ASPRO which was introduced into the ACR in the late 90s. It is a classical computer network of enforced computers with commercial operational system Windows 95, with special applications for command, control, communication, intelligence at the level of artillery regiment. It is the so-called C3I system that is divided into three program modifications designated for individual components ASPRO system: Artillery Tactical Computer, FO Tactical Computer, Gun Tactical Computer, and Meteo Tactical Computer. The connections and ties among individual...
Environmental Aspects of Military Training and the Impacts Classification on Living SurroundingsMilitary professional
Kpt. Ing. David Řehák, Ph.D., mjr. Ing. Milan Haška, Ph.D.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 187-192
The main objective of the ACR is the most effective and best defence of the country, with the use of principles of collective defence. But the military activities are accompanied by damages, wastes in living environment. The classification of those effects is being done by the method called Hazard and Impact Index that enables to set probable damages in advance and to adopt preventive measures to prevent them. The process starts with evaluating objects that might be endanger, materials, vehicles, activities, energy, together with impact on environment. Impact groups are divided roughly into two groups: natural surrounding, and socio-cultural surrounding....
The Post-Conflict Stabilization: Iraqi ExampleBook review
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 193-196
The reviewed book analyses the local wars of the last decades and demonstrates that the problem number one is not their military solutions, but consequent peace arrangement. It is not only a case of Iraq, the authors mention the role of France/US in Vietnam, Russian activities in Chechnya and Afghanistan, Israel in Lebanon, Allied forces in Kosovo. For that reason we can welcome this publication, written and published by the team of authors from the Institute for Strategic Studies, University of Defence, Brno. The book summarizes the experiences from conflicts above, namely the lessons from Iraq. The end of armed conflict in 2003 meant simply the transition...
81-year old Captain Karel Zmija (ret.) was born in Moravia, nearby Polish state borders -Veteran World War IIPersonal data
Dr. Petr Majer
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2007: 197-198
At the beginning of war, his native townlet was occupied by Polish troops. When the Polish Republic was defeated by Nazi Germany, he and his parents were forced to accept "temporary German Citizenship", the so-called "Volkslist No 3". In 1944 Mr. Zmija was enrolled into German army and after a short but very hard military training he was sent to France. After the Allied Invasion began, he immediately went over to the other side. After several examinations he was send to bury the deads, then he got a chance to join the Czechoslovak Force in England, Armour Unit, where he became tank driver. At the battle of Dunkerque, his unit suffered heavy losses,...