Czech Military Review - Latest articles
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Consequences of the Changes in Czechoslovakia in November 1989 for the Teaching of Social Sciences at Military Universities Using the Example of the Military University of the Ground Forces in Vyškov
František Hanzlík
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 188-205 
The article deals with the consequences of changes in society and the army after the "Velvet Revolution" in 1989 for teaching social sciences at military schools. The changes are illustrated by the example of the Military University of the Ground Forces in Vyškov, which trained most of the officers for the ground troops. The first part of the article shows the use of social science teaching at military schools to ideologically indoctrinate students in favour of the ruling Communist Party of Czechoslovakia before November 1989. The next part of the article deals with the reflection of changes in society and in the army after the abolition of the article...
External Involvement and Tigray War of Ethiopia (2020-2022): The Impact of Differentiated Motives on a Civil War
Ahmet Göksel Uluer
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 171-187
This study analyzes the involvement of external actors in Ethiopia's civil war between 2020 and 2022, categorizing their behaviors and discourses based on the dominance of instrumental and affective motives. It argues that the convergence of objectives between instrumental motive-dominant actors, who seek to protect the stability and survival of the Ethiopian government, and affective motive-dominant actors, who address humanitarian crises, reached a point of overlap and consent which led the war to end in relatively short duration.
The Operating Environment and Selected Functionalities of Intelligence Support in the Czech Armed Forces - Opportunities and Challenges
Petr Hlavizna, Radovan Vašíček, Daniele Brugioni
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 155-170
The article presents selected functionalities of intelligence support in the Czech Armed Forces, which are addressed in the context of opportunities and challenges of the future operating environment. Its aim is to formulate, in parallel reflection with the current approaches of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the possibilities of implementing intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and electromagnetic warfare in national conditions. Military practice is presented with a direction on how to respond to changes in the nature of the operational environment, including changes in the physical and non-physical domains of the battlespace to which...
Strategic Surprise and Implications for State Defense
Radek Dubec, Roman Janda
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 140-154
The article is based on a study carried out as part of the Long-Term Organizational Development Plan project by the Center for Security and Military-Strategic Studies of the University of Defense entitled "Armed Conflict". As part of the study, the issue of strategic surprise was analyzed and assessed, the aim of which was to find causal mechanisms and connections between the security of state defense and the phenomenon of surprise in the conditions of the 21st century. The article deals with the issue of surprise and its impact on state defense security. It describes strategic surprise as a principled aspect with implications and impacts on state...
Assesment of the Development of European Air Forces in the Context of US-China Competition
Jan Feryna, Libor Kutěj
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 123-139
The air force plays an important role in armed conflicts. It was no different in the Odyssey Dawn and Unified Protector operations in Libya in 2011. The European dependence on the US became fully apparent during those operations. After 2011, US attention has been shifted to Asia. This article focuses on the evaluation of the development of European air forces from 2011 to 2021 in the context of the shift of US attention to Asia. The article uses a dataset to compare the number of aircraft in specific categories in 2011 and 2021. The research shows that European states maintain a fleet of around 2,000 fighter jets, while compared to 2011, the number...
Modern Battlefield and Necessary Reflection in Military Leader's Education and Training
Pavel Zahradníček, Martin Botík, Luděk Rak, Jan Hrdinka
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 110-122
The article describes attributes will influence character of modern warfighting and presents the basic approach to prepare commanders and leaders of "new generation". The operational environment describes determinants and characteristic of today's and future warfighting. Technological development as booster, change the tools and the procedures but not the nature of war. Level of training and leadership quality multiplies combat power. The key findings and recommendations support fundamental idea of ability to lead and manage hybrid systems in volatile multi-dimensional environment, using various tools and sources, appropriate to specific environment...
Deficits in Strategic Communication for Armaments
Vladimír Vyklický, Ivo Pikner
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 86-109
The aim of this paper is to contribute to scientific research in the field of examining the shortcomings in the use of strategic communication for armaments. A comprehensive approach that rationalises the political, military, economic and technical decision-making process, as well as appropriate strategic communication with stakeholders, is required for the procurement of military equipment for the armed forces. The paper first analyses the existing shortcomings in the use of strategic communication in support of armaments, and then recommends a model for the adequate use of it. The results of a questionnaire survey and structured interviews with...
Conceptual Approach to Multi-Domain Operations
Zdeněk Petráš
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 66-85
This article delves into multi-domain operations in the context of future warfighting. A multi-domain approach to operations is being progressively implemented in allied nations and within NATO, as well. It should also become a core interest for the Czech Republic, even if the sea and space domains do not represent the crucial area of potential operational engagement of the Army of the Czech Republic. The complexity of operations in a complex operating environment requires mutual interaction across all operational domains. The integration of the physical and virtual spheres of operations suggests that operations planning cannot be strictly oriented...
Character of the War in Ukraine and its Implications for the Czech Republic
Jaroslav Galba, Josef Procházka
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 45-65
Current War in Ukraine represents conventional conflict of high intensity unparallel in contemporary European history. Using a qualitative method, authors present character of the war and identify its key specifics through multi-domain optics. A preliminary set of recommendations is derived from these results for the national defense capability of Czech Republic. Authors conclude that both State and the Armed Forces must increase their readiness for the large-scale conflict.
From Plan Gideon to Plan Tnufa: Israeli defense strategy and the buildup of the Israeli Defense Forces in the wider context of the Middle East after the Arab Spring
Ľubomír Zvada, Jiří Lach
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 24-44
Based on the content analysis method, this study analyzes the first ever published security strategy of the Israel Defense Forces, which was published in 2015. The main objective of the paper is not only to present the circumstances of its creation and discuss the main objectives of this strategic security document, but also to outline the broader geopolitical context from which it emerged. The authors argue that the document primarily emphasized two areas - the use of force and capacity building of the Israeli military. Among other things, the publication of the strategy was intended to have a deterrent effect. In the conclusion, the authors compare...
Yomkippur War from the Perspective of Czechoslovak Diplomacy
Eva Taterová
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2023: 3-23
This study presents the perspective of Czechoslovak diplomacy on the events of the Yom Kippur War (1973) in the context Czechoslovak foreign policy towards the Arab-Israeli conflict in early 1970s. The research is based on so far rather underexplored archival sources. Despite Czechoslovakia's declared unequivocal support for the Arab side of the conflict, Czechoslovak Middle Eastern policy since the mid-1950s was not entirely unconditional in relation to the Arab countries. Internal documents of Czechoslovak government occasionally revealed criticisms of Arab representatives. The Yom Kippur War represented a significant moment in this regard, as it...
Printed 100 years ago
redakce
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 121-132
Dear readers,We would like to present to you an article published in our journal in No. 10/1923. It is the contribution by CPT R. Wolf "Sorting of military sciences and decimal bibliographic system".You can read or download the continuation of this article on the website of our journal www.vojenskerozhledy.cz in the Archive menu.
The Roots of Military Logistics in a Retrospective
Jaroslav Komárek
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 111-120
No military operation is conceivable without logistics. It is widely known, however, the origin of the term logistics is not unambiguously stated in publications and sometimes refers to ancient Greek. There is no doubt that the term "logistique" was first used by the general of Napoleonic army Antoine-Henri Jomini and Lieutenant Colonel George C. Thorpe, U. S. Marines, anglicized Jomini's term to "logistics". Among many distinguished authors that paved the way to the current theory of military logistics cannot be omitted Rear Admiral Henry Eccles. It is also worth to mention Austrian-American economist Oskar Morgenstern and his attempt to outline...
The "Women, Peace and Security" Agenda and Integrating Gender Perspective in the Environment of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic
Mária Blehová
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 96-110
The measures adopted on the soil of the North Atlantic Alliance to support the integration of gender perspective are discussed in the article, as well as the way in which these were subsequently reflected in the legislative measures of the Ministry of Defense of the Slovak Republic and examines the approach of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (hereinafter referred to as "OS SR" ) to the integration of gender perspective. The article further focuses on how the OS SR integrate and support these principles in the real life of professional soldiers. The analysis of available statistical data as well as of research previously conducted in this area...
A War Gaming in the Context of a Computer Simulation of Combat
Jiří Černý, Vladimír Vráb, Jan Zezula
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 82-95
The war game is a respected tool for commanders' decision-making. Its preparation, execution, and evaluation of results require precise organization and a considerable time commitment. However, the time aspect is a limiting factor in the current dynamic era to a rather objectified evaluation of the variants of operation execution. The article does not describe the process of wargame preparation, it focuses on the execution phase, where it presents the use of a particular simulation system in wargames and under which theoretical conditions the results of combat simulation can be considered valid. It also evaluates the time efficiency of its use in a...
Present Trends, Emergencies and Their Impact on Supply Chain Security
Dušan Repík, Natálie Hanáková, Jan Kotisa, Pavel Foltin
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 63-81
The article examines the impact of recent geopolitical, economic, and security changes on logistics support capabilities in EU and NATO member states. The study analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the armed conflict in Ukraine on logistics supply chains, considering environmental, social, and security concerns. The research questions focus on identifying the main changes and assessing their implications for commercial, military, and humanitarian logistics. The prolongation of the conflict in Ukraine and the economic sanctions imposed on Russia have been found to have a significant impact on logistics capabilities, perceptions of the structure...
Laser Weapons as a New Entity to Small Firearms
Ladislav Kulhánek
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 48-62
Laser weapons have long been the subject of debate. The article discusses the potential adoption of laser weapons by infantry units and the future of small firearms. The text analyses these weapons in selected categories that subsequently support the evaluations and the conclusion. If miniaturisation is successfully managed, the comparison reveals an interesting paradox. While laser weapons and firearms do not rival each other as distinct functionalities, given the right conditions, they can actually complement each other and compensate for any disadvantages within their respective categories. Today's complex battlefield is placing ever greater demands...
The Active Reserve of the Territorial Defense Troops - are we Still Falling Behind Poland?
Pavel Fousek, Zdeněk Flasar, Zbyněk Jakubíček
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 35-47
The article deals with the preparation of the Active Reserve of Czech Armed Forces, territorial forces in detail. It compares them to the equivalent of the active reserves of the Polish army, namely the Territorial Defense troops. A comparison of the development and preparation of these forces points to the necessity of solving or updating the system of calling up reserves of the Czech Armed Forces, their training, arming and equipping.
War in Ukraine and Russian Goals in the Western Balkans
Jugoslav Jozić, Robert Barić
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 19-34
Russia has always had a keen interest in the Western Balkans. It was historically realised in the context of geopolitical continuities of the expansion of its territory and influence. Russia has tried to gain influence in this region for political, economic, identity and strategic reasons. However, after the start of military aggression against Ukraine in 2014, Russia opted for a confrontation in the Western Balkans where it opposes the EU and NATO expansion policies and influence of the West in this region. Key Russian leverage for spreading its influence in the region is the Serbian geopolitical design of military neutrality and the convergence of...
Some Legal Aspects of Western Military Aid to Ukraine
Martin Tomaštík
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2023: 3-18
The article deals with the some legal aspects of Western military aid to Ukraine. The first part briefly analyzes the Russian Federation's attack on Ukraine from a "just war" perspective. The following part is devoted to individual perspectives of different branches of international law on military aid to Ukraine - the law of neutrality, ius ad bellum, ius in bello, issues of co-belligerency and state responsibility for complicity in internationally illegal actions. The conclusion summarizes the findings and gives an answer to the question why Western aid to Ukraine mostly does not violate the norms of international law.
Printed 100 years ago
redakce
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 135-140
Dear readers,We would like to present to you an article published in our journal in No. 6/1923. It is the contribution by Corporal Rudolf Dejmek "The Battle of Zborov Memory".You can read or download the continuation of this article on the website of our journal www.vojenskerozhledy.cz in the Archive menu.
Humanitarian Transit Camp For Refugees. Construction and Operation Experiences.
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 119-134
An article describes a humanitarian camp at Mokraď in Slovakia, built up by the Czech Army in cooperation with the Armed Forces of Slovak republic, as a reaction on refugee crises caused by the war in Ukraine. All phases of the development, preparation, movement and transportation, construction and operation are mentioned there, an internal structure, used technical means and involvement of personnel, lessons identified and recommendations included, leading to increase of efficiency of similar activities in the future.
The C5ISR System Integrated with Unmanned Aircraft in the Large-Scale Combat Operations
Marko Radovanović, Aleksandar Petrovski, Vinko Žnidaršič
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 98-118
The manner of conducting modern large-scale combat operations (LSCOs) is characterized by the increasingly frequent and diverse use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) integrated into the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4IRS) system. These aircraft are one of the most important types of weapons in modern LSCOs. Anyone that has the technology can process the latest information from the field and safely passes that information to the command center has a great advantage and a chance to cause great damage to units whose goal is to prevent further operational work. What is important is that UAVs...
Introduction of Autonomous Combat Vehicles into the Czech Armed Forces
Jan Kovanda
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 83-97
The article addresses the issue of the emergence of new technologies and their impact on the capabilities of the Czech Armed Forces (CAF). A summary of the recommendations is presented. In particular, there is a need for a conceptual approach to the integration of new systems in order to avoid spontaneous purchasing, which could be very logistically demanding. The very rapid development in the field of unmanned autonomous systems using elements of artificial intelligence offers opportunities to use them in support of the tasks of CAF. Due to the breadth of this issue, the scope is limited to the area of the Special Forces, which introduce these new...
Situation Analysis of the Security Education and Training System in the Republic of Bulgaria
Stoyko Stoykov, Elitsa Petrova
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 67-82
The purpose of the article is to present a situational analysis of the education and training system in the field of security in the Republic of Bulgaria in 2021, in which internal and external threats, strengths and weaknesses, problem areas and possible solutions will be highlighted. The subject of the article is the education and training system, as the specific subject is the education and training system in the field of security in the Republic of Bulgaria.
French military interventions in MENAP countries during the 2010s
Jan Eichler
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 52-66
The article is about six French Special Military Operations (SMOs) that were conducted in Islamic countries in the MENA region between 2011 and 2022. It provides an explanation of their historical, geopolitical, and military contexts while also assessing their compliance with international law. The text introduces two innovative concepts, the Holland doctrine and the Macron doctrine, and analyses both their successes and failures. Ultimately, the article concludes by addressing the question of why these SMOs achieved military success but failed to meet political objectives, resulting in a significant disillusionment among French political and military...
Use of Methods of Strategic and Decision-making Analysis in the Process of Creating Conceptual Documents of the MoD CZE
Eva Štěpánková, Kristýna Binková
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 35-51
The aim of the paper is to determine the extent of the use of strategic and decision-making analysis methods and the specifics and barriers of their practical application in the process of creating conceptual documents in the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic. In the qualitative research, a semi-structured questionnaire was created for the purpose of data collection and submitted to eighteen creators of the department's conceptual documents. The obtained data were evaluated by open coding according to the grounded theory, one of the methods of systematizing qualitative data. The results show that the methods are used, but informally or in a...
Does the government's defence funding bill really only create an unenforceable political commitment?
Jan Kudrna
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 23-34
The article is devoted to the draft law on defence financing, which aims to oblige the government to allocate an amount of at least 2% of GDP to defence in every draft law on the state budget. During the inter-ministerial comment procedure, the Supreme Audit Office expressed doubts whether the draft means anything more than an unenforceable political commitment in relation to the Chamber of Deputies". The article convincingly demonstrates, with the help of legal argumentation and interpretation of the Constitution of the Czech Republic, the Rules of Procedure of the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the established case law of the Constitutional Court...
Update on the United States Nuclear Strategy: from NPR 2018 to NPR 2022
Adam Potočňák
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2023: 3-22
The article follows the author's comparative analysis of American and Russian nuclear doctrines and armaments from the fall of 2021. It presents the current nuclear strategy of the United States of America based on a content analysis of three specific areas of the updated version of the Nuclear Posture Review. Applying interpretive analysis and a rich secondary sources apparatus, the author also reflects on his 2021-formulated assumptions and expectations about the further development of American nuclear strategy under President Joe Biden. The author analyzes the influence of the presidential administration's ideological and political ambitions together...
Vojtěch Němeček passed away
redakce
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2023: 143