Czech Military Review - Latest articles
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Printed 100 years ago
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Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 145-163 
Dear readers,We would like to present to you an article published in our journal in No. 1/1924. It is the contribution by CPT GS Františka Coufala "Battle of Tannenberg 1914".You can read or download the continuation of this article on the website of our journal www.vojenskerozhledy.cz in the Archive menu.
Challenges for Teaching Foreign Languages (French, German, Russian) at the Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic in the Current Geopolitical Situation
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 129-144
The language training within the Ministry of Defence [MoD] of the Czech Republic is primarily focused on English. However, in accordance with the Concept of Personnel Training for the Needs of the MoD, the MoD provides language training in other foreign languages as well. The language teaching is the responsibility of the Language Centre of the University of Defence Brno [CJV UO] and includes English, French, German and Russian. The aim of this article is to compare the activities of the CJV UO with similar language centres in the defence departments of Germany, Austria and France and to present the teaching of French, German and Russian within the...
Liability for Health Damage - Public vs Private Area
Ondřej Horák, Leopold Skoruša, Radim Vičar, Tomáš Zbořil
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 110-128
The article deals with the comparison of refunds of non-material damage in public and private area. In the public area is analyzed legal regulation on health injuries in service relations, in private area is discussed legal regulation on health injuries in civil law and labour law. Particular attention will be focused on the transfer of compensation in the event of injury to the heirs - while in service relationships, such claims are extinguished by death (not transferred on the heirs), which was taken over from the 1960s legislation, in current private law, do not cease if they have been recognized or at least brought in court. The aim of the paper...
Evaluation of the Annual Physical Training Examination and Possible Suggestions for Change in the Endurance Discipline of Running
Jiří Néma, Petr Lašák, Libor Wawrzacz, Vladimír Pavlík
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 91-109
The annual examination is an integral part of the physical training system of a soldier of the Army of the Czech Republic, which assesses his physical fitness. This assessment provides dual feedback - it informs examinees of how they are performing against normative tables and each other, and at the same time, gives commanders an idea of the current physical fitness of their subordinates. This thesis focuses on the endurance event of the 12-minute run (also known as the Cooper test). Based on data from 2011 to 2021 and nearly 50,000 evaluated tests, the potential effects of age on soldiers' physical performance and appropriate adjustments to individual...
Leadership as a Fundamental Factor for Human Societies Progress - a Historical Review of the Leadership Theories
Elitsa Petrova
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 76-90
The article attempts to make a historical review of leadership theories and, on this basis, to derive their approximate systematization. The article emphasizes the importance of the phenomenon of leadership as a major factor in the management of human resources and security in human societies. The exposition goes through the various leadership theories that have existed to date. The research methodology includes etymological analysis, historical analysis, content analysis, the methods of induction and deduction, reveals logical connections and dependencies between related and similar concepts and phenomena.
Integrating Emerging Technologies in Military Maintenance and Repairs: An Overview of Current Status, Opportunities and Challenges
Milan Vábek, Ondřej Novosad, Miroslav Pecina, Jan Kotisa
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 62-75
Maintenance and repair (M&R) of military equipment are crucial for operational readiness. The article highlights challenges faced by military forces, particularly in the US, with significant equipment non-operable due to inefficient M&R. It emphasizes modernizing M&R through Predictive Maintenance (PM) and 3D Printing (AM). PM employs AI and data analytics for real-time monitoring and foreseeing malfunctions, signifying a strategic shift in M&R. AM significantly curtails downtime by enabling on-demand spare parts production, presenting a solution to traditional military M&R challenges. The article also underscores the economic advantages...
NATO Support and Procurement Agency: a Powerful Instrument of Collaborative Logistics
Radka Lopourová, Richard Funiok, Josef Procházka
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 44-61
The paper evaluates the level of cooperation between the Ministry of Defence and the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) in the field of procurement of military equipment. In the practical part, the results of the research on the level of participation of Czech-based suppliers in NSPA activities between 2018 and 2022 are presented. Pareto analysis comparing the participation of the Czech and international companies in contracts implemented by NSPA in terms of their subject, quantity and financial value is used. Qualitative case studies from three different areas illustrate in which NSPA projects the Czech Republic has already been involved in...
NATO, 2% to Defense, 20% to Equipment: Cumulative Nature of Military Spending and the Role of the Economic Performance
Jan Kofroň
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 27-43
Military spending is a widely discussed topic, especially in the current geopolitical landscape. Expenditures on "equipment" play a pivotal role in total defense spending.. However, the nature of the equipment expenditures is cumulative. Thus, when trying to estimate the capability of a state we should consider a longer period, not just one year. The aim of this article is, therefore, to offer (i) an exploratory analysis of the cumulative equipment expenditures of NATO countries between 2014-2023 and (ii) to verify - by using OLS multivariate regression - the extent to which the GDP per capita primarily drives these expenditures (adjusted per soldier),...
The Bucharest Nine Part of NATO's Eastern Flank: an Analysis of Military Investment on Equipment
Vojtěch Müllner, Kamil Nečas
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024: 3-26
An important part of NATO's deterrence and defence role is its military presence in the eastern part of the Alliance's territory, represented by the Bucharest Nine (B9). The ability of this group to fulfil its strategic mission depends on the condition of the military equipment at its disposal. The number of pieces of military equipment and their combat capability are determined by the investment in military equipment. In the context of the pledge to spend at least 20 % of total defence expenditure on military equipment, it appears that between 2004 and 2022 there is a steep increase of defence investment gap, followed by a partial absorption of the...
The formation of artillery in the Czechoslovak legions in Russia
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 183-196
The article deals with the formation of artillery in the Czechoslovak legions in Russia. Using information drawn from contemporary sources and books from the 1930s, it presents the basic milestones that were at the birth of this important part of the Czechoslovak legions.
Construction of Temporary Bridges after Floods in Slovenia
Martin Benda, Jan Sobotka
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 167-182
The paper deals with the process of constructing temporary bridges after the devastating floods that hit Slovenia at the beginning of August. The Czech Republic has decided to donate three TMS (heavy bridge set) bridges to the Republic of Slovenia as part of humanitarian aid. The article describes the process from the dispatch of a reconnaissance team, through the evaluation of the reconnaissance, to the construction itself. The paper is based on the experiences and observations of the author, who took part in all the processes as a direct participant.
Characteristics of Forcible Entries into Objects and an Experimental Assessment of the Potential Impact of Fragments Scattering on Training Safety when Using Fence Charge
Ota Rolenec, Pavel Maňas, Tibor Palasiewicz
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 147-166
The article focuses on the characteristics of forcible entries into objects and the term "breaching", which is often used interchangeably with this activity. The article further addresses the issue of fragments scattering when using a charge to overcome chain-link fences. The introductory chapter describes the execution of training in this field using the exercise facilities that are built for this purpose in military training areas. When conducting explosive forcible entry training, the safe distance for intervening teams and non-participants is determined using given formulas. The purpose of the simulation, mathematical calculations and experiment...
Arson Attacks in Israel - History and Options for the Elimination of Inincendiary Balloons
Alena Slavíková, Martin Křepský, František Racek, Antonín Novotný
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 130-146
The article concerns the issue of arson attacks in Israel.The issue of terrorism in Israel is quite broad, given that it is a very common phenomenon here and Israel deals with terrorism on a daily basis. The paper therefore focuses on incendiary balloons, a weapon that repeatedly caused fires around the Gaza Strip between 2018-2023. It examines their history, their design, outlines the possibilities of their elimination, the advantages and disadvantages of possible technical solutions, and a reflection on the future of their usage.
Military Will in the Czech Civil Code
Pavel Salák
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 116-129
The text is dedicated to the analysis of the legal regulation of military wills in the new Civil Code (Law No. 89/2012 Coll.). It places it in a historical legal context. However, priority attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the current legal regulation and potential issues that this regulation brings. It also briefly mentions other options for last dispositions that a soldier could use. The legal regulation of military wills in the Civil Code can be characterized as very well conceived, reflecting the reality of foreign missions. The fact that it takes the form of a public document is also significant if the relevant requirements are met....
Proposal of Legal Status of the Expert Valuation Institute Objectifying the Acquisition Process
Jan Hak, Pavel Foltin, Dagmar Pospíšilová, Karel Pospíšil
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 97-115
The process of procuring military equipment, technology, material, and associated services (VM) is frequently shrouded in concerns about cost-effectiveness and, in some instances, even becomes the focus of law enforcement investigations. This often leads to delays in strategic investments and exposes involved individuals to the risk of criminal charges. Additionally, there is a notable lack of capacity to impartially evaluate the overall investment's efficacy. Consequently, the "Znalec" (Expert Witness) project was initiated as a part of the defense research program. Its objective is to explore the feasibility of establishing an expert institute that...
Threats and Hazards of Grey Rhino Paradigm
Olga Burianová, Jiří F. Urbánek
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 85-96
Grey Rhino is a metaphor for security threat, which is unkept irrational for large extent also high probability of harmful effect on a subject of risk owner. Business continuity management system is assessed in a diagram as controlling instrument aimed at operational hazard mitigation of continuity disturbance of affected subject. A ´from Operations´ Value Added - O´VA is established as qualitative dynamic information about productivity of activities. The measures are designed in crisis scenario for quality improvement of subject´s crisis readiness. An indicator of business risk continuity slip is defined. In a connection with war conflict on Ukraine...
Foreign Fighters and Their Place in Law
Ludvík Barabáš
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 77-84
States should avoid arbitrability in decision-making processes concerning foreign fighters by amending their current legislature including criminal prosecution of foreign fighters. Authorization regime similar to the one in Poland may offer higher guarantees, control and monitoring of medium to high-threat individuals whilst offering states direct targeting of prevention and mitigation policies. States should create a transparent and clear framework for evaluation of applications to travel abroad for the purpose of fighting with lawfully set discretion for state organs that will enable them to deny applications for political, social or even economic reasons.
Development of a Methodology for Improving Urban Operations Capabilities
Peter Hofer
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 56-76
Most experts believe that urban operations will gain importance in the future, but even though we have sufficient examples and experience at hand, we still struggle with the development of the necessary skills and capabilities. The resulting gaps are a combination of different tasking and shrinking resources in the past decades, the difficulty of training for and a mere misunderstanding of the urban environment and harmful innovations - we seem to find ourselves always in the beginning. Fighting in isolated "prisms of responsibility" requires flexible task forces with all necessary enablers at hand and well-trained commanders exercising mission command...
Palestine in a Vicious Circle of Violence, Wars and Terror (1948-2023)
Jan Eichler
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 36-55
This article deals with one of the most explosive areas of the world today, which is the Near and Middle East (NMEA) and especially the territory of historical Palestine, where the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (IPC) has been going on for a long time. The text deals primarily with historical and military factors and is written as a historical explanatory analysis. It focuses on the most significant historical events and explains the ways of functioning and the consequences of the processes that have been taking place there for a long time.
The UN and NATO as the Main Pillars of the International Security Architecture with a Focus on the Middle East Region
Yvona Novotná-Šabacká
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 18-35
This study provides a summary overview of the creation and the activities of the international security architecture in the form of their two main pillars, i.e. the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the Near and Middle East region. Within the framework of international security relations, this is a very unstable and conflictual region, where this instability has lasted practically since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The global UN, its overall activity and importance, especially humanitarian and peace-building activities not only for the Near and Middle East region, is very beneficial, through out the...
Turkey's Trust in the USA: Causes of the Criticised Alliance Member's Approach
Denisa Schvachová, Jozef Vojtek
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024: 3-17
The article deals with Turkey's trust in the USA as its most important ally in NATO. Semi-structured interviews with Turkish academics and international relations experts during field research identified three main areas of Turkish mistrust in the USA - the Cyprus question, USA support for the PYD/YPG in Syria, and USA intervention in Turkish politics. The research results presented in the causal network show that the main cause of Turkish mistrust towards the USA is the factors leading to the phenomenon of fear of abandonment. That causes Turkey's increased need for independence from strategic partners and the subsequent increase in the application...
Printed 100 years ago
redakce
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 149-159
Dear readers,We would like to present to you an article published in our journal in No. 1/1924. It is the contribution by CPT R. Wolf "Essence of war".You can read or download the continuation of this article on the website of our journal www.vojenskerozhledy.cz in the Archive menu.
Review of the Author´s Monography - Jiří Fidler
Jan Eichler
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 145-148
The personality of the seventh Czechoslovak president, army general Ludvík Svoboda, is well known to older generations, younger generations are aware of him because of the controversies of recent times. Although there are many biographies of Svoboda, they are mostly determined by the time of their creation and the effort to avoid naming the problems of the time.
Testing of Pilots Abilities on Flight Simulators
Rudolf Jalovecký
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 127-144
The article presents more than ten years of experience in testing the abilities of pilots during flight control on flight simulators. A hypothesis is stated about the possibilities of finding common features in flight control, the basic mathematical apparatus for evaluation is presented, the flight simulators used and, of course, the achieved results are presented. 110 pilots have already been tested and a total of 2360 missions - test flights - have been simulated. Subsequent mathematical analysis provided approximately 40,000 results suitable for further statistical processing. This amount of data obtained from realistically simulated flights provides...
The Security-Development Nexus in Practice: Lessons Learned from the US Provincial Reconstruction Team in Panjshir in Afghanistan
Zdeněk Rod
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 105-126
The article holistically assesses the US application of security-development nexus (SDN) through the most known example of SDN in practice - provincial reconstruction teams (PRTs) - to elucidate what lessons learned can be drawn from there. The PRT's unique small footprint approach aimed to skip combat phases and focus on development in Panjshir. The research detected fourteen lessons learned from PRT's Panjshir wrongdoings and relatively successful initiatives. Lessons learned include defining mission objectives, early identification of instability sources, unified funding, emphasis on security sector reform, cultural awareness, empowering locals,...
Crowdsourcing as an Element of Strategic-Operational Intelligence. How NATO Used it and Changed the Game
Karel Pešek, Jozef Vojtek, Libor Kutěj
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 84-104
The article focuses on the concept of crowdsourcing in the social networking environment as a new phenomenon involving civilians in the intelligence process, enabling the use of their intelligence potential during armed conflict. Crowdsourcing of the civilian population is introduced by the example of NATO intervention during the first civil war in Libya. The article presents its use during the intelligence process at the strategic-operational level of command and control of the armed forces. It establishes its possible definition as a collection method of the intelligence process, and as a collection method which is disjunctively separable from similar...
Cognitive Warfare as a New Dimension of Security. A Fictional Concept or a Real Silent Threat?
Kristýna Drmotová, Libor Kutěj
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 63-83
Cognitive warfare is a new phenomenon that differs from any forms of action previously used in the information space aiming to affect the thinking of target groups. The main difference consists in the targeted and sophisticated use of scientific knowledge from neuroscience, with special attention on consciousness and perception of reality. This deeper understanding of how the human mind works has impacted distributed narratives and the choice of the most suitable technological platforms for their distribution to the target audience. This article presents a conceptual classification of cognitive warfare and defines its three core segments: neuroscience,...
Active Measures Concept Deconstruction Through the Lenses of Information Influence
Miroslava Pačková
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 40-62
This study deconstructs the concept of active measures through the prism of information influence. It understands it as sophisticated methods of influencing public opinion and political decisions, originally used by the Soviet Union and now adapted to cyberspace by the Russian Federation. In the analysis, the concept is contrasted with the general abstraction of information influence. This helps to better understand the proximity of active measures to similar concepts. We conclude that abstractions of information influence are also valid for conceptual understanding and practical examples of contemporary Russian active measures. Active measures are...
Strategic Defence Analysis and Setting the Future Defence Strategy: A Comparison of the Czech Republic and Norway
Josef Melichar, Fabian Baxa, Vladimír Vyklický, Josef Procházka
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 21-39
The article brings a comparison of the approaches to the strategic defence analysis (SDA) and developing future Defence Concepts (DFDC) of the Czech Republic and Norway. The countries are in a different geopolitical situation, NOR being a country with borders that are part of the outer border of the Alliance, the Czech Republic being a country surrounded by three member countries of the Alliance and one PfP country. On the basis of the comparison of the two approaches, the authors identified differences and common points of the two. Based on the findings, the discussion provides inspiration for possible enhancements in the approach of the Czech Republic...
Development of the Czech Armed Forces Doctrinal Framework
Pavel Žižka, Richard Saibert
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024: 3-20
The article deals with the system of joint doctrine development in the Czech Armed Forces (CAF) focused on the operational level of command and control, including the implementation of the NATO doctrines into national conditions. Among others, it was found that the structure and content of the Czech doctrines are not systematically set. Allied doctrines are introduced either by rewriting them into the Czech version or by introducing them in the full English version. In both cases, it might cause inconsistency in military terminology. The Coordinating Committee as the only supervisory body does not have the authority to streamline the process of producing...