Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2010: 51-59
"Mlha války" v dílech klasiků: Clausewitz a TolstojVojenské umění
V tomto článku bych rád přiblížil pojem "mlha války" (fog of war), o jejíž eliminaci zastánci RMA usilují. Fráze "mlha války" se pojí ke Carlu von Clausewitzi, pruskému teoretiku války z devatenáctého století. Přestože Clausewitzova teorie formuluje základní předpoklady toho, co se nyní "mlhou války" nazývá, on sám toto slovní spojení nikdy nepoužil. Ve své knize O válce Clausewitz pouze napsal: "Válka je oblast nejistoty; tři čtvrtiny toho, na čem se zakládá činnost ve válce, leží v mlze větší nebo menší nejistoty." [4] A tak ti, kteří vyjadřují skepsi k možnosti, že by rozvoj moderních technologií mohl tuto mlhu rozptýlit, jsou označování jako "clausewitziáni".
Klíčová slova: Válka, teorie, Clausewitz, vojenská věda
"Fog of War" in Pieces of Classical Authors: Clausewitz a Tolstoy (Problems of Uncertainty and Chance Events In War)
The proponents of Revolution in Military Affairs claim that modern military technology will lift a "fog of war". In this article the term "fog of war" is described and illustrated in a work of Carl von Clausewitz who is supposed to introduce this term, used also in the famous novel War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy. These classics show us that uncertainty and chance, in other words fogs of war, are essential to human mentality. They will be present as long as war remains within a scope human endeavour. Emphasizing that military technology is equal to lifting the "fog of war" can lead to situation in which only trained commanders are supposed be able perfectly address problems in "chessboard" of war or computer simulators, but they will unable to manage a real world full of chaos, as they not used to count with uncertainties.
Keywords: War, theory, Clausewitz, military science
Zveřejněno: 15. březen 2010 Zobrazit citaci
Reference
- BEYERCHEN, Alan D. Clausewitz, Nonlinearity, and the Unpredictability of War. International Security, jstor_issueTI - 17 (3 jstor_formattedDA - Winter, 1992-1993), 1992: 59-90.
- BRZEZINSKI, Matthew. The Unmanned Army. The New York Times Magazine, 20. 4. 2003.
- CALLUM, R. War as a Continuation of Policy by Other Means: Clausewitzian Theory in the Persian Gulf War. Defense Security Analysis, 17 (1), 2001: 59-72.
- CLAUSEWITZ, Carl von. O válce: dílo z pozůstalosti generála Carl von Clausewitze. Praha: Naše vojsko. 1959.
- COHEN, E. A. The mystique of US air power. Foreign Affairs, 73 (1), 1994: 109-124.
- CROSBIE, E. S. Commanders still must go see. Army, June 1991.
- EIKMEIER, Dale C. The Center of Gravity Debate Resolved. General Staff Colledge, Fort Leavenworth. 1998. Staženo dne: 15.6.2009.
- CHAPMAN, G. An Introduction to the Revolution in Military Affairs. Připraveno pro: 15th Amaldi Conference on Problems in Global Security. 2003.
- NICHOLSON, M. Deterrence, uncertainty and cooperative behavior. International Interactions, 15 (3), 1990: 227-242.
- OWENS, William A, OFFLEY, Edward. Lifting the Fog of War. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000.
- POWELL, C. L. Information-age warrior. Byte Magazine, 1992.
- SETEAR, J. K. Simulating the Fog of War. Santa Monica: RAND, 1989.
- SHAPIRO, Michael J. The Fog of War. Security Dialogue, 36 (2), 2005: 233-246.
- STEWART, I. Does God play dice?: The mathematics of chaos. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
- TOLSTOJ, Lev Nikolajevič. Vojna a mír. Praha: Baronet, 2005.
- Van CREVELD, Martin. Command in war. Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, 1985.
- Van CREVELD, Martin. The art of war: war and military thought. London: Cassell, 2000.
- WHITEHURST, Samuel E. Reducing the Fog of War: Linking Tactical War Gaming to Critical Thinking. Army Command and General Staff Colledge. 2002. Staženo dne: 12. 6. 2009.
- ZAZWORSKY, D. S. The 100-Hour War with Iraq: Could It Have Been Longer? A Clausewitzian Analysis of the Culminating Point of Victory. Naval War Colledge, Newport, 1993. Staženo dne: 15. 6. 2009.