Czech Military Review, 2007 (vol. 88), issue 2

Main Problems in Building Security of the European Union in the Long-Term Horizont (2020-2050)Nonreviewed - Other

PhDr. Miloš Balabán, Ph.D.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 3-11  

Nowadays we use the term security in a broader sense, covering ecology environment, economic discrepancies between the North and the South, raw material sources, demography, energy. The transfer of economic power from West to East is gathering pace and soon will dramatically change the context for dealing with international challenges - as well as the challenges themselves. Many in the West are already aware of Asia?s growing strength. The author uses data e.g. from The Pentagon?s New Map to demonstrate a cutting-edge approach to globalization that combines security, economic, political, and cultural factors. He predicts and explains the nature of...

Actors of World's Security (New Mid-Term Security Theory)Nonreviewed - Other

PhDr. Antonín Rašek a kol.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 12-28  

The author summarizes and consequently generalizes security histories of war, peace, military, based upon the events of the last century. Recent moves towards a common European defence and security policy and European defence capabilities have sparked off considerable debate. Concerns have been voiced that this could lead to a decoupling of Europe's security from that of its other NATO allies, or a duplication of effort or capabilities. Above all, there is an urgent need for Europe to boost its capabilities, if it is not to be confined in future to a useful, but limited, reactive defence and security role. It is expected that the US, in a medium-term...

Topical Problems of Security and the Czech RepublicNonreviewed - Other

Pplk. Bc. Štefan Živčák

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 29-40  

At present, when we are at the height of prosperity and affluence, at the same time we face the most impending perils. There are both global risks, cultural, civilizational, military as well as military-political, which may be enumerated as follows: terrorism, proliferation, regional conflicts, states collapse, illegal migration, ecological threats, organized crime, epidemic, pandemic, international armed conflicts. The Czech Republic, as a small state with rather limited resources and military potential, could solve security risks and threats only in the frame of NATO alliance, with the member states of the EU. Our country has been participating in...

Peace OperationsMilitary art

Plk. gšt. Ing. Jaromír Zůna, MSc.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 41-50  

The end of the Cold War was the most important factor determinating political and security realities in the world. Consequent development has gradually led to the significant reengagement of the former Warsaw Pact member states and other military alliances, especially into all form of peace operations. The Czech Republic is following the path common for the other countries in Euroatlantic region, being motivated by common struggle for enlargement this area of stability, security, democracy and peaceful resolution of crises. Hand in hand, with growing experiences from peace operations, the Czech Republic reflects specificities of national security and...

Operational SurroundingMilitary art

Ing. Antonín Krásný, CSc., plk. gšt. Ing. Oldřich Socha

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 51-65  

The term "security", originally used for the defence of state/national territory, was surpassed by "global security", ranging from world's security situation to monitoring foreign conflicts with the deployment of pre-emptive actions in places with tides of violence, instability. This article describes mentioned complexity of current and future military operational environment dilemma: generally, armed forces are affected by multifaceted circumstances that have to be taken into account and mustn't be ignored or neglected during the preparation and performance of their mission. At present, threat spectrum is characterized by three key characteristics:...

Impacts of Warfare in Urbanized Terrain on Inexperienced Young SoldiersMilitary art

Doc. Ing. Dušan Sabolčík, CSc.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 66-76  

New technologies influence not only social advance, but also the development of armed forces. Present-time warfare is resolute, dynamic. In the 21st century, both low and high intensity conflicts, counterterrorist or stabilization operations might take place in urbanized areas, where casualties and material damages are high. New weaponry and technology make demands on military and professional training, self-control, psychic preparedness. In advance we must set rules governing the firing of weapons and use of force namely by soldiers involved in peacekeeping and counter-insurgency situations. Mental stress, emotional, or physical strain or tension...

The Structure of Security System of the Czech RepublicOpinions, controversy

Ing. Vladimír Krulík

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 77-88  

The purpose of this article is to offer readers rather different look at the Czech Security system as that was presented in Vojenské rozhledy No 1, 2007, in an essay by dr. Rašek "Creation of the Foundations of Security Science", in which its author enumerates relevant institutions in Czech society, civilian or armed, involved in this complex security system. It is the definition of security that causes that Mr. Krulík adds other security elements and amends security system by references to basic law and legal norms that are in the background of this system. Even simple summary indicates that our security system is too complicated, tangled, without...

Proper Economic Policy in MoD Department and Problems with Its ImplementationOpinions, controversy

Mjr. Ing. Bohuslav Pernica, Ph.D.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 89-94  

The demands for transparency, economy, efficiency and effectiveness of public expenditures in the Czech Republic are increasing. In fact, this kind of economic policy in the forces has been followed since we joined the EU in 1994, but without much success. Its implementation has not achieved its goals. Some factors lying behind the failure of this policy are showed in this article, as well as some remedies proposed by the author, so that the readers could understand the topics and consequently they support implementation proper economic practice within the Czech Armed Forces. The author is a supporter of wide economy education in defence department,...

Operation Artemis (A Reference Model for the Development of Battle Groups)Informational pages

Pplk. Ing. Jaroslav Kulíšek

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 95-105  

EU Battle Group CZE/SVK was formed as the part of a long-term strategy to turn the Czech Army from static defence, garrison force, to mobile, expeditionary formations capable to participate in EU common security and defence policy operations. In June 2003, the first EU autonomous military crisis management operation Artermis was launched. It successfully demonstrated EU ability to operate with quite a small Interim Emergency Multinational Force (IEMF) in a highly hostile environment. The IEMF, dispatched 6,500 km from Brussels, operated under the UNSC mandate, in cooperation with UN forces (MONUC) in the Ituri District, Democratic Republic of the Congo....

The First and the Second Russian's Military Campaign in Chechnya: An Attempt to CompareInformational pages

Jan Jindřich

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 106-116  

This work consists of analysis of differences in chain of command, tactics, weaponry and equipment used by Russian Army during the first and the second Chechen war. Main theme is searching for the answer to what degree were Russian generals able to learn from their own tragic mistakes, being done in the first war, and what are the main reasons of Russian relative success in the second. In simplification, the key factors are as follows: new joint command, at the beginning delegated to the Ministry of Defence; detailed planning of combat operations; and respect to enemy combat abilities. In addition: increased effectiveness of Russian ground forces,...

Model of Psychologic Stress in Peacekeeping MissionsInformational pages

Kpt. Mgr. Marek Nový

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 117-120  

Soldiers are trained for combat situations. But peace missions are not tied with the fight. In some measure, they remind more civil police actions: patrolling, duties at sentry points. But still they are activities done by servicemen; those who retire are called "military veterans". Peacekeepers are exposed to high level of stress situations. People who experience a high level of stress for a long time may become irritable, socially withdrawn, and emotionally unstable. Some people under intense and prolonged stress may start to suffer from extreme anxiety, depression, or other severe emotional problems. All psychological research can be divided into...

Social and Psychological Characteristics or Activities of Military Units in MissionInformational pages

Npor. Mgr. Olga Šotová

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 121-135  

This essay is an attempt to analyze Czech military missions abroad and tries to explain why soldiers often change their general attitudes towards surrounding world after coming home from the mission. The authoress summarizes her social and psychological experiences she gained during her engagement in Kosovo. Peacekeeping operations of this pattern are different from warlike ones. Motivation of soldiers is sometimes quite hidden, problems with family background are temporarily postponed. All this is supplemented by tensions in a constricted group, without proper social stimulation. There are several phases of adaptation, covering individual months....

The Genesis of Welfare Benefits of Czech SoldiersInformational pages

Kpt. Ing. Veronika Mazalová, Ph.D., pplk. Ing. Petr Musil, Ing. Eva Vincencová

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 136-149  

In the last few years, the Czech Republic has been undergoing deep social changes in which the Army of the CR plays an important role. The soldiers risk their health and even lives, therefore they should take advantage of all benefits offered by state social security. Their professional career, promotions and advances must be taken in account when they are leaving the military service. On the other side, we must also reflect economic capacities of the Czech Republic. The authors enumerate all conditions to be fulfilled, so that soldiers were entitled for veteran benefits, together with the history of various benefits, the ways they used to be handled...

The Results of Language Poll of Military ProfessionalsLanguage preparation

PhDr. Mária Šikolová, PaedDr. Stanislava Jonáková

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 150-154  

In the last academic year (2005-2006), language instructors at the Defence Univerzity polled 673 respondents in order to find and analyze, among others, the relation between the length of their English studies and the STANAG levels they acquired. Another question they were involved is the age of respondents and the level of Standardized Language Profile. SPL level corresponds to the frequency of usage of English in their military practice. There are also relations among various types of English language: general English, technical English and military English. The latter is the most important for chiefs of staff, whereas technical English is more suitable...

Defence Language Institute Vyškov in 2007Language preparation

Mgr. Dalibor Cibulka, PhDr. Marie Jandová, CSc., Ing. Dana Szabová

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 155-158  

Language instruction is an integral part of the training of military professionals and various experts of the Czech Ministry of Defence. An important contributor to this is the Defence Language Institute (DLI) in Vyškov. This article describes the principles of work being applied, at the present time, in the activities of the fundamental components of the DLI, the language instruction section and the methodics and testing section and the scope of this activity. It presents the volume and the results of language training in the ACR from 2003 to 2006, as well as new commitments that the DLI in Vyškov has for 2007. It acknowledges the significant growth...

Autonomy and Self-instruction in Learning Foreign LanguagesLanguage preparation

Kpt. Ing. Petra Vráblíková, Ph.D.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 159-165  

There are many methods/ways how to master foreign languages. Dickinson (1987) stresses that self-access learning is using materials in a self-instructed way to facilitate learning. This term is "neutral on how self-directed or other-directed the learners are". Students could choose to be either self-directed or tutor-directed learners. Seen in this light, tutor-guided schemes might be considered to be an appropriate device for students who opt for tutor-directed learning in the self-access learning centre. Among others, Benson (2001) describes selfaccess learning as dealing with the relationship between the self-access system and autonomy in learning...

The Preparation of Servicemen of the Army of the Czech Republic (Military Publication Pub-70-01-01)Military professional

Ing. Jaroslav Zapletal, CSc., RNDr. František Herodek, Ing. Štefan Zigo

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 166-169  

The basic purpose of this article is to introduce mentioned new military publication, recently compiled and prepared by the team of authors from the Czech Tradoc in Vyškov. This code should unify the practice within the ACR. It is not an internal normative rule (military manual), but it has validity of service document, under the authority of the Chief of Czech General Staff. In a way, it is the document of new generation, possessing doctrinal character. Principles explained in this publication are binding, but the ways of their application and usage depend solely on army commanders. The publication integrates, unifies and harmonizes military terminology...

New Management Trends in the 21st Century and Preparation Prospecs of Military ManagerMilitary professional

Doc. Ing. Vítězslav Stodůlka, CSc., pplk. Ing. Miroslav Mašlej

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 170-175  

In November 2006, there was the international conference organized by the Defence University Brno "Tactics 2006". This article is based upon several presentations held at this conference and presents main ideas in this field. They are as follows: validity of management assumptions in the 21st century (changes), new trends in management styles and their application in military science, current state of management schooling at military schools, possible directions and perspectives of management education. Military management covers not only classical managerial subjects, but comprises rich spectrum of items commanders might use, including e.g. knowledge...

The Rationality in Commander's DecisionsMilitary professional

Ing. Hubert Štofko, prof. Ing. František Mazánek, CSc.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 176-178  

Based on their previous experience, the authors ponder professional soldiers? rational behaviour and decision-making process in the Army. The authors say that such behaviour is possible even on the lowest command levels, supposing several fundamental conditions are fulfilled. Every commander ought to evaluate the situation independently, unbiased, he ought to judge the impact of his decision on all parties involved and to settle actual eventualities. This process is set into military surrounding. This is a place of specific character that reflects the structure of special military relations. The higher level of command, the higher level of rationality...

The Role of a Manager-Commander and Units ControlMilitary professional

Ing. Milan Pelikán, pplk. Ing. Lubomír Střída

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 179-185  

In this article the authors think over the role of the commander- manager in current chain of command, under the current situation. They analyse requirements for the personality of a commander and characterize important factors and rules that influence successfulness of commander?s activities during the control of the units. The core is put on basic principles command and control: united commander?s authority that can?t be shared with anybody, unity of command, command and control by targets, consistency, determination and firmness when they realize approved decisions, high level of organized activities, high centralism together with a certain level...

Humane Sources Available for Crisis Situations and DefenceMilitary professional

Pplk. Ing. Bohuslav Vlček

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 186-200  

First, we must define applied terms, such as state of danger, emergency, state of state emergency, state of war, sovereignty, democratic principles. Our national reserve consists of compulsory reserves and active reserves. The author enumerates with the use of vast tablets and charts their numbers, together with numbers of military occupational specialities, and explains terms extraordinary service in time of eminent danger, during military exercises, in time of proclaimed state of emergency. He also cites numbers available for conscription (draft). Last but not least, he quotes arguments and conditions under which a reserve soldier can refuse call...

Testing the Physical Performance of Soldiers (Part 1)Military professional

Plk. PaedDr. Lubomír Přívětivý, CSc.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 201-205  

Since January 1, 2005, the Army of the Czech Republic has become a professional army, based upon all-volunteer principles. It has to elaborate methods to check especially physical aptitudes for military service. This could be divided into two parts: first testing candidates for military service, second, testing career soldiers. The author familiarizes us with various sets of physical test used both in the CR and the ACR. The tests must fulfil several core predispositions: they must be standardized, reliable and valid. Validity of test must be related to the external source, so that we could compare our measured data with some other ones. The units...

Dual Capable Aircraft (DCA): its Significance in the Background of New Security SurroundingsMilitary professional

Ing. František Valach, CSc.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 206-212  

The fundamental purpose of the nuclear forces that remain is political: to preserve peace and prevent coercion. The Alliance has taken far-reaching steps to adapt its overall policy and defence posture to the new security environment. NATO?s nuclear strategy and force posture were among the first areas to be reviewed. The Alliance?s 1999 Strategic Concept set forth the essential principles for the role and characteristics of NATO?s Nuclear Forces. This article provides an account of the most significant changes to NATO?s nuclear policy. As a first major step of relaxation, the readiness posture of dual-capable aircraft was greatly reduced, in 2002,...

Unmanned AircraftMilitary professional

Ing. Josef Nastoupil

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 213-217  

The article deals with the question of unmanned aircraft generally, it doesn't discuss their individual types. Unmanned aircraft (UAVs) are designed to fly without a pilot (that is by remote control), their combat engagements are less risky and potentially less costly. Army officials say that UAVs will serve better, as they will carry more weapons and sturdier avionics, use the same fuel as other service aircraft, and could be operated by soldiers in theatre. Avionics and weapons might be controlled even by a conventional link with ground control stations. One "land pilot" can control several UAVs simultaneously. The running programmes will produce...

The Air Force in the Urban FightMilitary professional

Ing. Josef Nastoupil

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 218-220  

As the world grows ever more urbanized, the Air Force prepares airmen to fight in cities. They are complex domains where military operations are congested by terrain and by the danger of collateral damage and the risk to non-combatants. The Air Force supports the joint force by providing valuable airspace control, command and control, communications and psychological operations support, close-air support, terminal attack control, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and combat search and rescue. But Air Force capabilities in the urban are not just the supporting force for urban operations, it has ability to provide strategic attack against...

Strategic Aspects of Actions Taken to Destroy an InsurgencyMilitary professional

Ing. Josef Nastoupil

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 221-228  

Conventional military strategists did not hold counterinsurgency (COIN) and irregular warfare with high esteem. In fact, strategists often marginalized COIN and irregular warfare, never regarding irregular warfare as worthy of strategic-level discussions. But true strategic thinking on the subject of COIN and irregular warfare consider time and space and long strategic view. Now we must consider critical areas for the global war on terrorism (GWOT), including changing nature of the threat environment. Sources: Principles, Imperatives and Paradoxes of Counterinsurgency, by E. Cohen, Lt.Col. C. Crane, Lt.Col. J. Horvath, Lt.Col. J. Nagl; Strategic Aspects...

Full Professionalization has becoming a problem (A Book by B. Pernica "Professionalization ofArmed Forces")Book review

PhDr. Antonín Rašek.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 229-232  

The professionalization of modern forces is an upcoming trend in all advanced democratic countries. It is demanded by complexity of current armed fight, advanced sophisticated weapons systems, antipathy of young people to serve in forces; established selective service was not solution, as it was more or less tied with bribery. In our country, compulsory military service was abolished after 135 years of its existence, in 2005. Mr. Pernica, the author of a book "Professionalization of Armed Forces: Trends, Theory, Experience", published by Czech Military Agency of Information and Services, treats military service as a sort of public enterprise in market...

Brigadier-General František MoravecPersonal data

PhDr. Zdeněk Vališ.

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2007: 233-241  

His professional career was amazing. After the WWI, as a former legionnaire with war experiences, he fought in Slovakia against invading Hungarian forces. Then he decided to reenlist, he was a company commander, regiment aide, and after graduating from War College (High War School) he was appointed as the head of intelligence department of the 2nd Division Plzeň, the chief of intelligence department of Prague District Military Command, and finally the deputy chief of intelligence department of the Main Staff. At that time, the Czech Military Intelligence hired a member of German Abwehr, Paul Thummel, the famous agent A-54. After the German occupation,...