Vojenské Rozhledy

Czech Military Review

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 136-158

Building Meteorological Backup Artillery Products: Leveraging Upper Air DataReviewed

David Sládek Author profileORCID...1, Michal Šustr Author profile1, Jan Ivan Author profile1, František Hudec Author profileORCID...1
1 University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic

Accurate meteorological data is crucial for precise artillery fire, yet its availability can be compromised in combat conditions. This study investigates the impact of limited meteorological information on artillery accuracy and explores potential mitigation strategies. By analysing upperair data from a single weather station, we simulated various scenarios of reduced meteorological support. Our findings highlight the significance of meteorological factors on artillery performance and the potential consequences of inadequate data. We developed a foundational framework for offline artillery support products, emphasizing the need for robust methods to estimate atmospheric conditions in data-scarce environments. Future research will focus on incorporating advanced modelling techniques and additional data sources to enhance the accuracy and applicability of these products.

Keywords: Artillery Meteorological Support; Fire Accuracy; METCM; Meteo-11; Upper-Air Sounding.

Published: January 1, 2026  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Sládek, D., Šustr, M., Ivan, J., & Hudec, F. (2025). Building Meteorological Backup Artillery Products: Leveraging Upper Air Data. Czech Military Review, 106(1), 136-158
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Baranowski, Leszek, et al. (2018). "The Analysis of the 35 mm Artillery Projectile's Motion Model Parameters' Identification Based on the Recorded Flight Trajectory." DOI: 10.21495/91-8-53. Go to original source...
    2. Bellucci, Renato. (1961). "Analysis of Ballistic Meteorological Effects on Artillery Fire." UNITED STATES ARMY ELECTRONICS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY. DOI: 10.21236/ad0268402. Go to original source...
    3. Bellucci, Renato. (1963). "Studies of Meteorological Techniques for Sound Ranging. Part I. " UNITED STATES ARMY ELECTRONICS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY. DOI: 10.21236/ad0410176. Go to original source...
    4. Boltenkov, V., et al. (2021). "Devising a Method for Improving the Efficiency of Artillery Shooting Based on the Markov Model." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 3 (114): 6-17. DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2021.245854. Go to original source...
    5. Capozzi, Vincenzo, et al. (2022). "A Network of X-Band Meteorological Radars to Support the Motorway System (Campania Region Meteorological Radar Network Project)." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9: 2221. DOI: 10.3390/rs14092221. Go to original source...
    6. Čech, Vít, and Ondřej Rozehnal. (2022). "Increasing the Accuracy of the Range Corrections for the Air Virtual Temperature." Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics. DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36126. Go to original source...
    7. Lente, Gábor, and Katalin Ősz. (2020). Barometric Formulas: Various Derivations and Comparisons to Environmentally Relevant Observations. ChemTexts (Springer). doi. org/10.1007/s40828-020-0111-6. Go to original source...
    8. Chulsilp, P., W. Charubhun, and N. Nuktumhang. (2012, July). "Investigating and Iterative Method to Compute Firing Angles for Artillery Projectiles." In the 2012 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (pp. 1143-1148). Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Go to original source...
    9. Chulsilp, P., W. Charubhun, and Ridluan. (2011, October 19-21). "Developing Firing Table Software for Artillery Projectile Using Iterative Search and 6-DOF Trajectory Model." In the Second TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (Krabi).
    10. Ivan, J., Šustr, M., Blaha, M., Havlík, T. (2021). "Evaluation of Possible Approaches to Meteorological Techniques of Artillery Manual Gunnery after the Adoption of Automated Fire Control System." VOJENSKE ROZHLEDY-CZECH MILITARY REVIEW, 30(3), 75-92. ISSN 1210-3292. doi:10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.03.075-092 Go to original source...
    11. Jandrić, M., and E. Vasiljević. (2018). "Seventy Years of the Military Technical Institute (1948.-2018.)." Scientific Technical Review 68 (1): 1-30. DOI: 10.5937/str1801001j. Go to original source...
    12. Khalil, Mostafa. (2022). "Study on modeling and production inaccuracies for artillery firing." Archive of Mechanical Engineering: 165-183. https://doi.org/10.24425/ ame.2021.139802. Go to original source...
    13. Kim, K., and Y. Park. (2020). "Numerical Simulation of the Degree of Protection for K9 Artillery Position under Explosion Scenario Using MITT+TC." Applied Sciences 10 (24): 8808. DOI: 10.3390/app10248808. Go to original source...
    14. Klymovych, V., et al. (2022). "The Influence of the Experimental Program of Physical Training of Students on Anthropometric Indicators and Functional Data of the Cardiovascular System." Bulletin of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University Physical Education Sport and Human Health (24): 5-8. DOI: 10.32626/2309-8082.2022-24.5-8. Kurata, M. (1982). Numerical Analysis for Semiconductor Devices. Lexington, MA: Heath. Go to original source...
    15. Maksymov, M. (2023). "Verification of artillery fire under the influence of random disturbances for the computer game arma 3." Applied Aspects of Information Technology 6 (4): 362-375. DOI: 10.15276/aait.06.2023.24. Go to original source...
    16. Maksymova, O. (2023). "Development and optimization of simulation models and methods for controlling virtual artillery units in game scenarios." Herald of Advanced Information Technology 6 (4): 320-337. DOI: 10.15276/hait.06.2023.21. Go to original source...
    17. Mao, Z., and Y. Xu. (2023). "Structural parameters optimal design of the upper carriage structural of a truck-mounted howitzer under multiple working conditions." Journal of Physics Conference Series 2460 (1): 012008. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012008. Go to original source...
    18. Motyl, K., M. Magier, J. Borkowski, and B. Zygmunt. "Theoretical and experimental research of anti-Tank kinetic penetrator ballistics." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences (no date).
    19. Mukhedkar, R., and S. Naik. (2013). "Effects of different meteorological standards on projectile path." Defence Science Journal. Go to original source...
    20. NATO Standardization Agency. (2004). AArtyP-1 (A) 2004 Artillery Procedures. Brussels, Belgium: Author.
    21. NATO Standardization Agency. (2013). AArtyP-5 (A) 2013 - NATO Indirect Fire Systems Tactical Doctrine. Brussels, Belgium: Author.
    22. Nordlöf, J. (2024). "On the importance of continuous development in the military domain." МНЖ Military Science 2 (1): 53-59. DOI: 10.62524/msj.2024.2.1.04 Go to original source...
    23. Oprean, L. (2020). "Artillery from the perspective of firing effects and ensured capabilities." Scientific Bulletin 25 (2): 107-113. DOI: 10.2478/bsaft-2020-0015 Go to original source...
    24. Park, M., S. Park, M. Choi, Y. Song, and M. Kang. (2016). "High-resolution urban observation network for a user-specific meteorological information service in the Seoul metropolitan area, Korea." DOI: 10.5194/amt-2016-278 Go to original source...
    25. Piontek, J., and S. Krzyżanowski. (2012). "Selected issues of meteorological preparation in artillery." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 164 (2): 19-33. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0002.2780 Go to original source...
    26. Samcovic, A. (2018). "Serious games in military applications." Vojnotehnicki Glasnik 66 (3): 597-613. DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg66-16367 Go to original source...
    27. Shi, X. (2008). "Study on the Correction of Shooting Ballistic and Air Pressure for a Certain Fire Control System." Command Control & Simulation.
    28. STANAG 4044 MET. Adoption of a Standard Atmosphere.
    29. STANAG 4061 MET (Edition 4). Adoption of a Standard Ballistic Meteorological Message. STANAG 4082 MET. Adoption of a Standard Artillery Computer Meteorological Message.
    30. STANAG 4103 MET. Format of Requests for Meteorological Message for Ballistic and Special Purposes.
    31. STANAG 6022. Adoption Of A Standard Gridded Data Meteorological Message. https:// standards.globalspec.com/std/1679396/stanag-6022
    32. Šilinger, K., L. Potužák, and J. Šotnar. (2014). "Algoritmus přepočtu meteorologické zprávy METCM do formátu METEO-STŘEDNÍ." Vojenské rozhledy 23 (55) (2): 19-25. http:// www.vojenskerozhledy.cz/kategorie/algoritmus-prepoctu-meteorologicke-zpravy-metcm-do-formatu-meteo-stredni.
    33. World Meteorological Organization. (2017). Manual on Codes Volume I.1 Annex II to the WMO Technical Regulations Part A - Alphanumeric Codes, 2011 edition, updated in 2017. Geneva, Switzerland: WMO. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-109. Go to original source...
    34. Zha, Q., X. Rui, F. Liu, and H. Yu. (2017). "Study on the dynamic modeling and the correction method of the self-propelled artillery." https://doi.org/10.2991/mcei-17.2017.84 Go to original source...
    35. Zhang, Z., Y. Liu, J. Li, and M. Jiang. (2019). "Research on improving artillery firing accuracy by using meteorological data along ballistic trajectory for artillery firing." Journal of Physics Conference Series 1325 (1): 012129. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1325/1/012129 Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content