Vojenské Rozhledy

Czech Military Review

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. MC/2016: 18-48

Transformational Military Leadership - Requirements, Characteristics and DevelopmentReviewed - Review

plk. Drazen Smiljanic, MSc.

The contemporaneous security environment is more diverse, dynamic, interconnected and far less predictable than ever. As the major Western militaries undergo continuous changes in missions and tasks, as well as in the form of their organisations, the warfighting abilities of military leaders are not the only ones required. Transformational military leadership, with leaders operating from the post-conventional level of developmental action-logic, arguably become one of the most needed capacities of a military organisation. This type of leadership has to be capable of initiating and leading transformational changes, needed to respond adequately and adaptively to contemporaneous and future security challenges. This article analyses the applicability of transformational leadership to military organisations using the developmental theory and the concept of vertical leadership development as a framework.

Keywords: Military Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Developmental Theory, Complexity.

Published: October 15, 2016  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Smiljanic, D. (2016). Transformational Military Leadership - Requirements, Characteristics and Development. Czech Military Review, 97(MC), 18-48
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. ALBERTS, D.S., R.K. HUBER and J. MOFFAT, 2010. NATO NEC C2 Maturity Model, NATO SAS-65. U.S. DoD Command and Control Research Program (CCRP).
    2. ALBERTS, D.S., 2011. The Agility Advantage, A Survival Guide for Complex Enterprises and Endeavours. U.S. DoD Command and Control Research Program (CCRP), September 2011, pp. 65-66.
    3. ACKERMAN ANDERSON, Linda and Dean ANDERSON, 2010. The Change Leader's Roadmap. San Francisco, Pfeiffer. ISBN: 978-0-470-64806-3.
    4. ANDERSON, Dean and Linda ACKERMAN ANDERSON, 2010. Beyond change management: how to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. ISBN 978-0-470-64808-7.
    5. ANDERSON, Dean and Linda ACKERMAN ANDERSON, 2013. Leadership Breakthrough: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century. Presentation prepared for The Third International Transformational Chairs Network (ITX) Conference/Workshop, Washington, DC: National Defense University, 18-20 June 2013.
    6. AVOLIO, Bruce J. and William L. GARDNER, 2005. Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), June 2005, pp. 315-338.
    7. AVOLIO, Bruce J., Fred O. WALUMBWA and Todd J. WEBER, 2009. Leadership: Current Theories, Research, and Future Directions. Management Department Faculty Publications. Paper 37, pp. 421-449.
    8. BARTONE, Paul T., Scott A. SNOOK, George B. FORSYTHE, Philip LEWIS and Richard C. BULLIS, 2007. Psychosocial Development and Leader Performance of Military Officer Cadets. Leadership Quarterly, 18(5), October 2007, pp. 490-504.
    9. BECKER, Jeffrey, 2014. On "Predicting Future War". Parameters, 44(2), Summer 2014, pp. 81-84.
    10. BASS, Bernard M., 1985. Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, New York: Free Press. ISBN: 978-0-029-01810-1.
    11. BASS, Bernard M., 1990. From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), Winter 1990, pp. 19-31.
    12. BASS, Bernard M. and P. STEIDLMEIER, 1999. Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), pp. 181-217.
    13. BOE, Ole, 2015. Character in military leaders, officer competency and meeting the unforeseen. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, No. 190, pp. 497-501.
    14. BOE, Ole, Henning BANG and Fredrik A. NILSEN, 2015. Experienced military officer's perception of important character strengths. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, No. 190, pp. 339-345.
    15. BROWN, Barrett C., 2012. Leadership at the edge: Leading complex change with postconventional consciousness. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 24(4), pp. 560-577.
    16. BURNS, James M., 1978. Leadership. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN: 0-06-131975-9.
    17. COOK-GREUTER, Susanne, 2004. Making the Case for a Developmental Perspective. Industrial and Commercial Training, 36(7), pp. 275-281.
    18. COUTAU-BÉGARIE, Hervé, 2006. Traité de stratégie. 4e éd. Paris: Economica. ISBN 27-178-5578-5.
    19. CROWLEY, J.C., M.G. SHANLEY, J. ROTHENBERG and J.M. SOLLINGER, 2013. Adapting the Army's Training and Leader Development Programs for Future Challenges. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
    20. DCDC - The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre, 2014. Joint Doctrine Publication 0-01. UK Defence Doctrine (5th Edition). London: Ministry of Defence. The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre.
    21. DOWNTON, J.V., 1973. Rebel leadership: commitment and charisma in the revolutionary process. New York: Free Press. ISBN: 0-02-907560-2.
    22. FASTABEND, David A. and Robert H. SIMPSON, 2004. Adapt or Die: The Imperative for a Culture of Innovation in the United States Army. Army Magazine, February 2004.
    23. FORDER, Roger, 2010. Operational Analysis: Historical Perspectives and Future Challenges. The NATO Research and Technology symposium (RTO-MP-SAS-081), 2010. Available at: http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-89-1/cmhPub_70-89.pdf
    24. GERRAS, S.J., L. WONG, and C.D. ALLEN, 2009. Organizational Culture: Applying A Hybrid Model to the U.S. Army. In Strategic Culture: Selected Readings, U.S. Army War College Academic Year 2010. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, pp. 114-144.
    25. HIGGS, Malcolm and Deborah ROWLAND, 2000. Building change leadership capability: "The quest for change competence". Journal of Change Management, 1(2), pp. 116-130.
    26. HUNTINGTON, Samuel P., 1998. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Boston: Belknap of Harvard University Press, Thirteenth printing. ISBN: 0-674-81736-2.
    27. JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF - JCS, 2016. Joint Operating Environment JOE 2035: The Joint Force in a Contested and Disordered World. U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, J7, Joint Force Development [cit. 2016-07-01]. Available at: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/concepts/joe/joe_2035_july16.pdf
    28. KALLONIATIS, A. and I. MACLEOD, 2010. Formalization and agility in military headquarters planning. The International C2 Journal 4(1), pp. 1-41.
    29. KAWAGUCHI, Kazuko Hirose, 2003. A Social Theory of International Law, International relations as a Complex System. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. ISBN 978-94-017-4978-7 (eBook).
    30. KIER, Elizabeth, 1996. Culture and French Military Doctrine before WWII. Chapter 6 in KATZENSTEIN, Peter, ed, 1996. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN: 978-0-231-10469-2.
    31. KNORR, Klaus. Military Power Potential, 1968 [online]. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, © 2008 [cit. 2016-05-01]. Available at: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3045000809.html
    32. LIDDELL HART, Basil Henry, 1998. Thoughts on War. Spellmount Publishers Ltd. ISBN 18-622-7059-7.
    33. MAJOR, Claudia and Christian MÖLLING, 2015. A Hybrid Security Policy for Europe: Resilience, Deterrence, and Defense as Leitmotifs. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, German Institute for International and Security Affairs. SWP Comments No. 22.
    34. MANNERS, John and Kevin DURKIN, 2001. A critical review of the validity of ego development theory and its measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment, No. 77, pp. 541-567.
    35. McCHRYSTAL, Stanley, Tantum COLLINS, David SILVERMAN and Chris FUSSELL, 2015. Team of Teams: New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World. New York: Portfolio / Penguin. ISBN: 978-0-698-17851-9.
    36. McMASTER, Herbert R., 2013. The Pipe Dream of Easy War [online]. The New York Times, 20 July 2013 [cit. 2016-05-01]. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/21/opinion/sunday/the-pipe-dream-of-easy-war.html?_r=0
    37. MERCIER Denis, Général d'armée aérienne, 2015. SACT remarks to NATO Industry Forum Introduction [online]. Lisbon, 19 October 2015 [cit. 2016-05-01]. Available at: http://www.act.nato.int/images/stories/media/speeches/151019_nif.pdf
    38. MITLETON-KELLY, Eve, ed, 2007. Complex Systems and Evolutionary Perspectives on Organisations: The application of complexity theory to organisations. Pergamon, An Imprint of Elsevier Science.
    39. MOSKOS, Charles, 1998. The American Soldier after the Cold War: Towards a Post-Modern Military? Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioural and Social Sciences.
    40. NATO HQSACT, 2013. Strategic Foresight Analysis 2013 Report. Norfolk, VA: NATO Headquarters Supreme Allied Commander Transformation.
    41. NATO HQSACT, 2016. Strategic Foresight Analysis 2015 Update Report. Norfolk, VA: NATO Headquarters Supreme Allied Commander Transformation.
    42. NATO Bi-SC, 2015. Framework for Future Alliance Operations.
    43. NIJS, Han de, 2010. Concept Development and Experimentation Policy and Process: How Analysis Provides Rigour. NATO Science and Technology Organisation. SAS-081 Symposium on "Analytical Support to Defence Transformation" (RTO-MP-SAS-081) Proceedings. Available at http://dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a584337.pdf
    44. PEARCE, Jone L., 2009. Organizational Behavior: Real Research for Real Managers. Irvine: Melvin & Leigh, 2009. ISBN: 978-0-978-66381-0.
    45. PERKINS, David G., 2015. Win in a Complex World - But How? Army AL&T Magazine, January - March 2015 [cit. 2016-05-01]. Available at: http://asc.army.mil/web/access-win-in-a-complex-world-but-how/
    46. PETRIE, Nick, 2014. Vertical Leadership Development-Part 1: Developing Leaders for a Complex World. Center for Creative Leadership.
    47. REEVES, Martin, Simon LEVIN and Daichi UEDA, 2016. The Biology of Corporate Survival. Harvard Business Review, January - February 2016, pp. 46-55.
    48. RITTEL, Horst W.J. and Melvin M. WEBER, 1973. Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences, No. 4, pp. 155-169.
    49. ROOKE, David and William TORBERT, 1998. Organizational Transformation as a Function of CEOs' Developmental Stage. Organization Development Journal, 16(1), pp. 11-28.
    50. ROOKE, David and William R. TORBERT, 2005. Seven Transformations of Leadership. Harvard Business Review, April 2005.
    51. SAWYER, Ralph D., 1994. Sun-Tzu The art of War. Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN: 1-56619-297-8.
    52. SNIDER, Don M., 2011. Intrepidity and character development within the Army profession. Military Review, 91, pp. 21-24.
    53. SPAIN, S.P., J.D. MOHUNDRO and B.B. BANKS, 2015. Intellectual Capital: A Case for Cultural Change. Parameters, 45 (2), Summer 2015.
    54. STIEHM, J. H., 2002. US Army War College: Military education in a democracy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Available at: https://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781439905968
    55. TELLIS, Ashley J., Janice BIALLY, Christopher LAYNE and Melissa McPHERSON, 2000. Measuring National Power in the Postindustial Age. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
    56. TORBERT, William R., 2004. Action Inquiry, The Secret of Timely and Transforming Leadership. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60509-633-9 (eBook).
    57. TORBERT, William R. and S. S. TAYLOR, 2008. Action Inquiry: Interweaving Multiple Qualities of Attention for Timely Action. In The SAGE Handbook of Action Research Participative Inquiry and Practice, 2nd Edition. SAGE Publications Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-446-27114-8.
    58. TORBERT, William R., 2010. The Power of Balance: Transforming Self, Society, and Scientific Inquiry Toward Development of Politics and the Political. Integral Review, 6(1).
    59. TORBERT, William R., 2013. Listening in the dark: An essay testing the validity and efficacy of Collaborative Developmental Action Inquiry for describing and encouraging transformations of self, society and scientific inquiry. Integral Leadership Review, 9(2), pp. 264-299.
    60. THORNTON Rod, 2015. The Changing Nature of Modern Warfare. The RUSI Journal, 160(4), August-September 2015, pp. 40-48.
    61. U.K. ROYAL AIR FORCE - RAF, 2006. Royal Air Force strategy: agile, adaptive, capable, 2006. London: UK MoD, Directorate of Air Staff - Strategy Cmd & Inf.
    62. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, 2013. ALDS: Army Leader Development Strategy 2013. Washington, DC: US Department of the Army, US Army Training and Doctrine Command.
    63. VEGO, Milan, 2009. Systems versus Classical Approach to Warfare. Joint Forces Quarterly, issue 52, 1st quarter 2009.
    64. VEGO, Milan, 2015. On operational leadership. Joint Forces Quarterly, issue 77, 2nd Quarter 2015.
    65. WERTHER-PIETSCH, Ursula, Günther BARNET, Dominique-Claire MAIR and Jan POSPISIL, eds, 2011. Security and Development in Austrian development policy, Strategic Guideline. Vienna: Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs of Austria.

    Return to the content